In the present world of globalisation, there is a growing interaction between individuals of diverse cultural backgrounds in various settings including work places, schools, communities and even families. Though this can provide an opportunity for many advantages like broadened perspectives, enhanced creativity and great learning experiences; it may also lead to misunderstandings and conflicts. Intercultural conflict arises when people from different cultures have different expectations, beliefs or values or communication styles that contradict with each other. This post will discuss some common types of intercultural conflicts that may occur and how they can be effectively navigated.
Difference in communication style: Communication style differences are one of the most common causes of intercultural conflicts. Communication styles differ across cultures as far as norms, preferences and expectations are concerned for instance directness or indirectness, formality or informality, tone of voice etc. eye contact and body language . For example, some cultures value directness and assertiveness while others prefer indirectness and politeness. Such disparities can result into misinterpretations,misunderstandings as well as hurt feelings.Being cognisant about your own way of communicating together with that person you are communicating with,effective listening skills characterised by asking questions to help understand properly is key to bridging these gaps. It also requires utmost respect among parties.
Stereotyping and prejudice: Stereotyping/prejudice is another cause of inter-cultural conflict. Stereotyping involves generalising all members of a particular group share the same traits or actions whereas prejudice refers to having negative attitudes/beliefs concerning a certain group due to stereotypes/biases held against them. They might result into discrimination leading to exclusion among others.Stereotypes should therefore be avoided by simply challenging one’s personal biases.Also looking out for information regarding other societies is essential so as not to treat people on basis that they represent their groups but rather as unique individuals.
Differences in values/beliefs: Another source of intercultural conflict is when there are different values and beliefs. Various cultures hold varying values and beliefs about what is important, acceptable or desirable in life such as family, religion, education, work and leisure. Such differences can cause argument over priorities, goals and ways of living. In order to handle values/beliefs differently, it is significant to acknowledge that diversity exists regarding the said issue. This should lead to the search for common ground with shared objectives followed by flexibility.
Power/status difference: Differences in power/ status form another cause of intercultural conflicts. Certain cultures have expectations/norms concerning hierarchy, authority or status such as age,, gender, education or social class .This can result into inequalities and discrimination alongside power struggles.To address issues of power/status it means appreciating other peoples’ perspectives/experiences even as one maintains equality/inclusivity whilst trying to promote an enabling environment.
Cultural identity/belongingness: Lastly cultural identity/belongingness is another source of intercultural conflict. Different cultures have rules regarding identity ,belongingness and loyalty which include nationality, ethnicity religious affiliation language etc.Therefore incompatibilities may occur over matters related to political identification assimilation or exclusion from society.Culturally speaking though it would be important to recognise the complexity/fluidity of these identities this must not stop diversity which should extend to all levels while promoting
Diversity should be promoted at all levels; however this does not mean that there shouldn’t be recognition on how complex/fluid these identities are culturally speaking. In the end, intercultural conflict is an unavoidable part of cross-cultural interactions but also a chance for growth and learning. We can bridge cultures, create harmony and understanding by finding out how to manage these intercultural conflicts.